Record Audio Files in the Command Line

ffmpeg -f pulse -i default -codec:a flac filename.flac

This records files in the lossless compressed flac format. You can make an bash function like this:

recordto () {
            ffmpeg -f pulse -i default -codec:a flac "${1}.flac"
}

and use the command like this:

recordto myaudiofile

and it will start recording to myaudiofile.flac